主题 : 板子启动串口一直发OK 复制链接 | 浏览器收藏 | 打印
级别: 新手上路
UID: 55296
精华: 0
发帖: 1
金钱: 5 两
威望: 1 点
综合积分: 2 分
注册时间: 2011-09-15
最后登录: 2011-09-15
楼主  发表于: 2011-09-15 14:13

 板子启动串口一直发OK

我的板子是TINY6410 256内存,NANDFLASH,N43屏。

今天中午通过USB下载烧写LINUX成功后,就重启直接进入UBOOT界面进行TFTP的操作和BOOTM的操作,一切正常。可是等吃晚饭回来后就发现超级终端一直接受"OK"。觉得板子不正常就又重新启动,结果还是串口一直发OK,屏幕为白色间隔有彩色条纹的状态。于是又重新格式化-烧写BOOT和LINUX,提示完成。NAND重启问题依旧存在。后来有改为SD烧写,提示成功,NAND重启问题依旧。改为SD启动,则一直是重复下面的内容



Running OS 'LINUX'
Loading kernel...
Load kernel succeed
Start Linux kernel...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
Linux version 2.6.38-FriendlyARM (root@jensen) (gcc version 4.5.1 (ctng-1.8.1-FA
) ) #7 PREEMPT Fri Mar 25 14:40:21 HKT 2011
CPU: ARMv6-compatible processor [410fb766] revision 6 (ARMv7), cr=00c5387f
CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
Machine: MINI6410
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C6410 (id 0x36410101)
S3C24XX Clocks, Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics
camera: no parent clock specified
S3C64XX: PLL settings, A=532000000, M=266000000, E=84666666
S3C64XX: HCLK2=266000000, HCLK=133000000, PCLK=66500000
mout_apll: source is fout_apll (1), rate is 532000000
mout_epll: source is epll (1), rate is 84666666
mout_mpll: source is mpll (1), rate is 266000000
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
usb-bus-host: source is clk_48m (0), rate is 48000000
uclk1: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
spi-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
spi-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
irda-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
camera: no parent clock specified
s3c64xx: 10485760 bytes SDRAM reserved for fimc at 0x5f5f8000
s3c64xx: 8388608 bytes SDRAM reserved for pp at 0x5edf8000
s3c64xx: 8388608 bytes SDRAM reserved for tv at 0x5e5f8000
s3c64xx: 6291456 bytes SDRAM reserved for mfc at 0x5dff8000
s3c64xx: 4194304 bytes SDRAM reserved for jpeg at 0x5dbf8000
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 65024
Kernel command line: root=ubi0:FriendlyARM-root ubi.mtd=2 rootfstype=ubifs  init
=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 run_fs_image=/images/Linux/rootfs_qtopia_qt4.ex
t3
PID hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Memory: 256MB = 256MB total
Memory: 215160k/215160k available, 46984k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
    vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
    fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)
    DMA     : 0xff600000 - 0xffe00000   (   8 MB)
    vmalloc : 0xd0800000 - 0xf6000000   ( 600 MB)
    lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xd0000000   ( 256 MB)
    modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000   (  16 MB)
      .init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0168000   (1408 kB)
      .text : 0xc0168000 - 0xc0719d3c   (5832 kB)
      .data : 0xc071a000 - 0xc075f380   ( 277 kB)
SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
Preemptable hierarchical RCU implementation.
        RCU-based detection of stalled CPUs is disabled.
        Verbose stalled-CPUs detection is disabled.
NR_IRQS:246
VIC @f6000000: id 0x00041192, vendor 0x41
VIC @f6010000: id 0x00041192, vendor 0x41
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop... 530.84 BogoMIPS (lpj=2654208)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
NET: Registered protocol family 16
s3c64xx_dma_init: Registering DMA channels
PL080: IRQ 73, at d0808000, channels 0..8
PL080: IRQ 74, at d080c000, channels 8..16
S3C6410: Initialising architecture
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 64 KHz
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.23.
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 163840 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
TCP reno registered
UDP hash table entries: 128 (order: 0, 6144 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 128 (order: 0, 6144 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
msgmni has been set to 420
io scheduler noop registered (default)
io schedulerRunning OS 'LINUX'
Loading kernel...
Load kernel succeed
Start Linux kernel...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
Linux version 2.6.38-FriendlyARM (root@jensen) (gcc version 4.5.1 (ctng-1.8.1-FA
) ) #7 PREEMPT Fri Mar 25 14:40:21 HKT 2011
CPU: ARMv6-compatible processor [410fb766] revision 6 (ARMv7), cr=00c5387f
CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
Machine: MINI6410
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C6410 (id 0x36410101)
S3C24XX Clocks, Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics
camera: no parent clock specified
S3C64XX: PLL settings, A=532000000, M=266000000, E=84666666
S3C64XX: HCLK2=266000000, HCLK=133000000, PCLK=66500000
mout_apll: source is fout_apll (1), rate is 532000000
mout_epll: source is epll (1), rate is 84666666
mout_mpll: source is mpll (1), rate is 266000000
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
usb-bus-host: source is clk_48m (0), rate is 48000000
uclk1: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
spi-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
spi-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
irda-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
camera: no parent clock specified
s3c64xx: 10485760 bytes SDRAM reserved for fimc at 0x5f5f8000
s3c64xx: 8388608 bytes SDRAM reserved for pp at 0x5edf8000
s3c64xx: 8388608 bytes SDRAM reserved for tv at 0x5e5f8000
s3c64xx: 6291456 bytes SDRAM reserved for mfc at 0x5dff8000
s3c64xx: 4194304 bytes SDRAM reserved for jpeg at 0x5dbf8000
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 65024
Kernel command line: root=ubi0:FriendlyARM-root ubi.mtd=2 rootfstype=ubifs  init
=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 run_fs_image=/images/Linux/rootfs_qtopia_qt4.ex
t3
PID hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Memory: 256MB = 256MB total
Memory: 215160k/215160k available, 46984k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
    vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
    fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)
    DMA     : 0xff600000 - 0xffe00000   (   8 MB)
    vmalloc : 0xd0800000 - 0xf6000000   ( 600 MB)
    lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xd0000000   ( 256 MB)
    modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000   (  16 MB)
      .init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0168000   (1408 kB)
      .text : 0xc0168000 - 0xc0719d3c   (5832 kB)
      .data : 0xc071a000 - 0xc075f380   ( 277 kB)
SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
Preemptable hierarchical RCU implementation.
        RCU-based detection of stalled CPUs is disabled.
        Verbose stalled-CPUs detection is disabled.
NR_IRQS:246
VIC @f6000000: id 0x00041192, vendor 0x41
VIC @f6010000: id 0x00041192, vendor 0x41
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop... 530.84 BogoMIPS (lpj=2654208)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
NET: Registered protocol family 16
s3c64xx_dma_init: Registering DMA channels
PL080: IRQ 73, at d0808000, channels 0..8
PL080: IRQ 74, at d080c000, channels 8..16
S3C6410: Initialising architecture
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 64 KHz
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.23.
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 163840 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
TCP reno registered
UDP hash table entries: 128 (order: 0, 6144 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 128 (order: 0, 6144 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
msgmni has been set to 420
io scheduler noop registered (default)
io scheduler cfq registered
S3C_LCD clocRunning OS 'LINUX'
Loading kernel...
Load kernel succeed
Start Linux kernel...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
Linux version 2.6.38-FriendlyARM (root@jensen) (gcc version 4.5.1 (ctng-1.8.1-FA
) ) #7 PREEMPT Fri Mar 25 14:40:21 HKT 2011
CPU: ARMv6-compatible processor [410fb766] revision 6 (ARMv7), cr=00c5387f
CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
Machine: MINI6410
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C6410 (id 0x36410101)
S3C24XX Clocks, Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics
camera: no parent clock specified
S3C64XX: PLL settings, A=532000000, M=266000000, E=84666666
S3C64XX: HCLK2=266000000, HCLK=133000000, PCLK=66500000
mout_apll: source is fout_apll (1), rate is 532000000
mout_epll: source is epll (1), rate is 84666666
mout_mpll: source is mpll (1), rate is 266000000
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
usb-bus-host: source is clk_48m (0), rate is 48000000
uclk1: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
spi-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
spi-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
irda-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
camera: no parent clock specified
s3c64xx: 10485760 bytes SDRAM reserved for fimc at 0x5f5f8000
s3c64xx: 8388608 bytes SDRAM reserved for pp at 0x5edf8000
s3c64xx: 8388608 bytes SDRAM reserved for tv at 0x5e5f8000
s3c64xx: 6291456 bytes SDRAM reserved for mfc at 0x5dff8000
s3c64xx: 4194304 bytes SDRAM reserved for jpeg at 0x5dbf8000
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 65024
Kernel command line: root=ubi0:FriendlyARM-root ubi.mtd=2 rootfstype=ubifs  init
=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 run_fs_image=/images/Linux/rootfs_qtopia_qt4.ex
t3
PID hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Memory: 256MB = 256MB total
Memory: 215160k/215160k available, 46984k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
    vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
    fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)
    DMA     : 0xff600000 - 0xffe00000   (   8 MB)
    vmalloc : 0xd0800000 - 0xf6000000   ( 600 MB)
    lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xd0000000   ( 256 MB)
    modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000   (  16 MB)
      .init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0168000   (1408 kB)
      .text : 0xc0168000 - 0xc0719d3c   (5832 kB)
      .data : 0xc071a000 - 0xc075f380   ( 277 kB)
SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
Preemptable hierarchical RCU implementation.
        RCU-based detection of stalled CPUs is disabled.
        Verbose stalled-CPUs detection is disabled.
NR_IRQS:246
VIC @f6000000: id 0x00041192, vendor 0x41
VIC @f6010000: id 0x00041192, vendor 0x41
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop... 530.84 BogoMIPS (lpj=2654208)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
NET: Registered protocol family 16
s3c64xx_dma_init: Registering DMA channels
PL080: IRQ 73, at d0808000, channels 0..8
PL080: IRQ 74, at d080c000, channels 8..16
S3C6410: Initialising architecture
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 64 KHz
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.23.
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 163840 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
TCP reno registered
UDP hash table entries: 128 (order: 0, 6144 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 128 (order: 0, 6144 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
msgmni has been set to 420
io scheduler noop registered (default)
io scheduler cfq registered
S3C_LCD cloRunning OS 'LINUX'
Loading kernel...
Load kernel succeed
Start Linux kernel...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
Linux version 2.6.38-FriendlyARM (root@jensen) (gcc version 4.5.1 (ctng-1.8.1-FA
) ) #7 PREEMPT Fri Mar 25 14:40:21 HKT 2011
CPU: ARMv6-compatible processor [410fb766] revision 6 (ARMv7), cr=00c5387f
CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
Machine: MINI6410
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C6410 (id 0x36410101)
S3C24XX Clocks, Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics
camera: no parent clock specified
S3C64XX: PLL settings, A=532000000, M=266000000, E=84666666
S3C64XX: HCLK2=266000000, HCLK=133000000, PCLK=66500000
mout_apll: source is fout_apll (1), rate is 532000000
mout_epll: source is epll (1), rate is 84666666
mout_mpll: source is mpll (1), rate is 266000000
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
mmc_bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
usb-bus-host: source is clk_48m (0), rate is 48000000
uclk1: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
spi-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
spi-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
audio-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
irda-bus: source is mout_epll (0), rate is 84666666
camera: no parent clock specified
s3c64xx: 10485760 bytes SDRAM reserved for fimc at 0x5f5f8000
s3c64xx: 8388608 bytes SDRAM reserved for pp at 0x5edf8000
s3c64xx: 8388608 bytes SDRAM reserved for tv at 0x5e5f8000
s3c64xx: 6291456 bytes SDRAM reserved for mfc at 0x5dff8000
s3c64xx: 4194304 bytes SDRAM reserved for jpeg at 0x5dbf8000
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 65024
Kernel command line: root=ubi0:FriendlyARM-root ubi.mtd=2 rootfstype=ubifs  init
=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 run_fs_image=/images/Linux/rootfs_qtopia_qt4.ex
t3
PID hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Memory: 256MB = 256MB total
Memory: 215160k/215160k available, 46984k reserved, 0K highmem
Virtual kernel memory layout:
    vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
    fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)
    DMA     : 0xff600000 - 0xffe00000   (   8 MB)
    vmalloc : 0xd0800000 - 0xf6000000   ( 600 MB)
    lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xd0000000   ( 256 MB)
    modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000   (  16 MB)
      .init : 0xc0008000 - 0xc0168000   (1408 kB)
      .text : 0xc0168000 - 0xc0719d3c   (5832 kB)
      .data : 0xc071a000 - 0xc075f380   ( 277 kB)
SLUB: Genslabs=13, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
Preemptable hierarchical RCU implementation.
        RCU-based detection of stalled CPUs is disabled.
        Verbose stalled-CPUs detection is disabled.
NR_IRQS:246
VIC @f6000000: id 0x00041192, vendor 0x41
VIC @f6010000: id 0x00041192, vendor 0x41
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Calibrating delay loop... 530.84 BogoMIPS (lpj=2654208)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
NET: Registered protocol family 16
s3c64xx_dma_init: Registering DMA channels
PL080: IRQ 73, at d0808000, channels 0..8
PL080: IRQ 74, at d080c000, channels 8..16
S3C6410: Initialising architecture
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 64 KHz
s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.23.
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 5, 163840 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
TCP reno registered
UDP hash table entries: 128 (order: 0, 6144 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 128 (order: 0, 6144 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
msgmni has been set to 420
io scheduler noop registered (default)
io scheduler cfq registered
S3C_LCD clock got enabled :: 133.000 Mhz



请问这是什么问题?
自由,自强,共享,共创。
级别: 论坛版主
UID: 12573
精华: 27
发帖: 8838
金钱: 46490 两
威望: 9298 点
综合积分: 18216 分
注册时间: 2010-01-09
最后登录: 2019-07-16
1楼  发表于: 2011-09-15 15:39
邮件已经回复,请不要重复问题
新手如何向我们反馈有效的信息,以便解决问题,见此贴:
http://www.arm9home.net/read.php?tid-14431.html

[注]: 此处签名链接仅为指引方向,而非解答问题本身.