2.6内核移植笔记移植
移植2.6.21.1内核到at91rm9200
1.下载、安装(准备工作)
下载：linux-2.6.21.1内核源码,其中把linux-2.6.21.1内核源码放到了home目录下。
#cd home
#tar -jxvf linux-2.6.21.1.tar.bz2
下载：2.6.21-at91.patch.gz 9200内核补丁
#cd home
#cp 2.6.21-at91.patch.gz linux-2.6.21.1
#cd linux-2.6.21.1
#zcat 2.6.21-at91.patch.gz |patch -p1
下载：yaffs2.tar.gz
#cd home
#cd yaffs2
#sh patch-ker.sh l /home/linux-2.6.21.1
2.对内核进行修改：
1.修改根目录的Makefile
#cd linux-2.6.21.1
#gedit Makefile
找到如下两行：
ARCH ?=$(SUBARCH)
CROSS_COMPILE ?=
修改为：
ARCH ?=arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?=/home/usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-
2.修改arch/arm/tools/mach-types
#cd linux-2.6.21.1
#gedit arch/arm/tools/mach-types
更改：
at91rm9200dk ARCH_AT91RM9200DK AT91RM9200DK 262
为：
at91rm9200dk ARCH_AT91RM9200DK AT91RM9200DK 251
3.添加devfs文件系统
#cd linux-2.6.21.1
#gedit fs/Kconfig
找到：menu "Pseudo filesystems"
添加如下代码：
config DEVFS_FS
bool "/dev file system support (OBSOLETE)"
default y
config DEVFS_MOUNT
bool "Automatically mount at boot"
default y
depends on DEVFS_FS
注释:让内核在编译时加入devfs文件系统支持，在后面的
make menuconfig 中可以看到，加入这些内容之后就出现了
与devfs相关的配置选项。默认设置为：defaulty，即默认被选中。
4.修改arch/arm/mach-at91目录下的相关文件NAND的分区表
#cd linux-2.6.21.1
#gedit arch/arm/mach-at91/board-dk.c
修改串口设置：
static struct at91_uart_config __initdata dk_uart_config = {
.console_tty= 0, /* ttyS0 */
.nr_tty = 5,
.tty_map = { 4, 1, 2, 3, 0 } /* ttyS0, ..., ttyS4 */
};
static struct mtd_partition __initdata dk_nand_partition[] = {
/* {
.name = "NAND Partition 1",
.offset = 0,
.size = 64 * SZ_1M,
},
*/
{ name: "AT91 NAND partition 1",
offset: 0,
size: 16 * SZ_1M },
{ name: "AT91 NAND partition 2",
offset: 16 * SZ_1M,
size: 16 * SZ_1M },
{ name: "AT91 NAND partition 3",
offset: (16 * SZ_1M) + (16 * SZ_1M),
size: 32 * SZ_1M },
};
5.修改NOR的分区表
#cd linux-2.6.21.1
# gedit drivers/mtd/maps/physmap.c
#ifdef CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS
static struct mtd_partition mtd_parts[3] =
{
{
name: " bootloader ",
offset: 0x00000,
size: 0x20000,
mask_flags: MTD_WRITEABLE,
},
{
name: " uImage ",
offset: 0x020000,
size: 0x180000,
},
{
name: " ramdisk ",
offset: 0x1a0000,
size: 0x660000,
},
};
配置内核：
#cd linux-2.6.21.1
#make at91rm9200dk_defconfig
#make xconfig(配置所需选项)
#make
生成zImage。
生成zImage后,通过tftp下载开发版。
(loader.bin 、u-boot.bin、boot.bin、u-boot.gz、ramdisk.gz、rootfs_cs.tar.gz、zImage,zImageR)
其中：loader.bin 、u-boot.bin、boot.bin、u-boot.gz、ramdisk.gz、rootfs_cs.tar.gz是版子配套提供的文件
zImage和zImageR是同一文件名字不同而已
烧入过程打印信息：
**************************************************
** Welcome to HYESCO **
**
http://www.hyesco.com **
** Tel:86-10-51906927/28/30 **
**************************************************
Copy data from flash to sdram,waiting....
Done
Decompress image success!
U-Boot 1.0.0 (Sep 19 2007 - 16:57:06)
U-Boot code: 21F00000 -> 21F1A96C BSS: -> 21F264D4
DRAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 20000000 32 MB
Fujitsu: 29LV320BE(32Mbit)
Flash: 8 MB
NAND:Flash chip found:
Manufacturer ID: 0xEC, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung K9F1208UOA)
1 flash chips found. Total nand_chip size: 64 MB
64 MB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
TFTP from server 192.168.0.6; our IP address is 192.168.0.2
Filename 'zImageR'.
Load address: 0x21000000
Loading: #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
################################
done
Bytes transferred = 1490812 (16bf7c hex)
TFTP from server 192.168.0.6; our IP address is 192.168.0.2
Filename 'ramdisk.gz'.
Load address: 0x20410000
Loading: #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#############
done
Bytes transferred = 4058114 (3dec02 hex)
## Starting application at 0x21000000 ...
Uncompressing Linux................................................................................................ done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.21.1 (root@liuzhuang) (gcc version 3.4.1) #2 PREEMPT Thu May 13 15:47:24 CST 2010
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
Machine: Atmel AT91RM9200-DK
Warning: bad configuration page, trying to continue
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
Clocks: CPU 179 MHz, master 59 MHz, main 18.432 MHz
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists. Total pages: 8128
Kernel command line: root=/dev/ram rw initrd=0x20410000,6000000 ramdisk_size=15360 console=ttyS0,115200 mem=32M
AT91: 128 gpio irqs in 4 banks
PID hash table entries: 128 (order: 7, 512 bytes)
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
Memory: 32MB = 32MB total
Memory: 23556KB available (2732K code, 187K data, 108K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
NET: Registered protocol family 16
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
TCP reno registered
checking if image is initramfs...it isn't (no cpio magic); looks like an initrd
Freeing initrd memory: 5859K
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (extended precision)
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (C) 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
yaffs May 13 2010 15:22:32 Installing.
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)
atmel_usart.0: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xfefff200 (irq = 1) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
atmel_usart.1: ttyS1 at MMIO 0xfffc4000 (irq = 7) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
atmel_usart.2: ttyS2 at MMIO 0xfffc8000 (irq = 8) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
atmel_usart.3: ttyS3 at MMIO 0xfffcc000 (irq = 9) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
atmel_usart.4: ttyS4 at MMIO 0xfffc0000 (irq = 6) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 15360K size 1024 blocksize
loop: loaded (max 8 devices)
PPP generic driver version 2.4.2
eth0: Link now 100-FullDuplex
eth0: AT91 ethernet at 0xfefbc000 int=24 100-FullDuplex (00:12:34:56:78:9a)
eth0: Davicom 9161 PHY (Copper)
physmap platform flash device: 00800000 at 10000000
physmap-flash.0: Found 1 x16 devices at 0x0 in 16-bit bank
Amd/Fujitsu Extended Query Table at 0x0040
number of CFI chips: 1
cfi_cmdset_0002: Disabling erase-suspend-program due to code brokenness.
Creating 3 MTD partitions on "physmap-flash.0":
0x00000000-0x00020000 : " bootloader "
0x00020000-0x001a0000 : " uImage "
0x001a0000-0x00800000 : " ramdisk "
No SmartMedia card inserted.
at91_nand: probe of at91_nand failed with error 6
at91_cf: irqs det #64, io #0
usbmon: debugfs is not available
at91_ohci at91_ohci: AT91 OHCI
at91_ohci at91_ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
at91_ohci at91_ohci: irq 23, io mem 0x00300000
usb usb1: Product: AT91 OHCI
usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.21.1 ohci_hcd
usb usb1: SerialNumber: at91
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
usb 1-2: new low speed USB device using at91_ohci and address 2
usb 1-2: device descriptor read/64, error -62
usb 1-2: device descriptor read/64, error -62
usb 1-2: new low speed USB device using at91_ohci and address 3
usb 1-2: device descriptor read/64, error -62
usb 1-2: device descriptor read/64, error -62
usb 1-2: new low speed USB device using at91_ohci and address 4
usb 1-2: device not accepting address 4, error -62
usb 1-2: new low speed USB device using at91_ohci and address 5
usb 1-2: device not accepting address 5, error -62
usbcore: registered new interface driver usblp
drivers/usb/class/usblp.c: v0.13: USB Printer Device Class driver
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
drivers/usb/input/hid-core.c: v2.6:USB HID core driver
udc: at91_udc version 3 May 2006
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
i2c /dev entries driver
at91_i2c at91_i2c: AT91 i2c bus driver.
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
NET: Registered protocol family 17
drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
Freeing init memory: 108K
eth0: Setting MAC address to 00:3c:b1:6d:ec:07
eth0: Link now 100-FullDuplex
BusyBox v1.1.3 (2008.02.28-03:45+0000) Built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.
[root@(none) /]$
之后是挂载根文件：
$ cd /root
$ rm -rf *ls
开启虚拟机linux的nfs 服务端，rootfs_cs.tar.gz解压缩，将mnt文件拷贝到linux下的/home/work文件夹通过nfs挂载。
开启nfs： 输入/etc/rc.d/init.d/portmap start 和/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start 命令
$ mount -t nfs -o nolock 192.168.0.22:/home/work /mnt/nfs
$ cp -af /mnt/nfs/rootfs_cs/* /root
拷贝完成后，复位系统，进入u-boot，修改环境变量，断电从新启动开发版,进入内核的打印信息：
**************************************************
** Welcome to HYESCO **
**
http://www.hyesco.com **
** Tel:86-10-51906927/28/30 **
**************************************************
Copy data from flash to sdram,waiting....
Done
Decompress image success!
U-Boot 1.0.0 (Sep 19 2007 - 16:57:06)
U-Boot code: 21F00000 -> 21F1A96C BSS: -> 21F264D4
DRAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 20000000 32 MB
Fujitsu: 29LV320BE(32Mbit)
Flash: 8 MB
NAND:Flash chip found:
Manufacturer ID: 0xEC, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung K9F1208UOA)
1 flash chips found. Total nand_chip size: 64 MB
64 MB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
## Starting application at 0x21000000 ...
Uncompressing Linux................................................................................................ done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.21.1 (root@liuzhuang) (gcc version 3.4.1) #2 PREEMPT Thu May 13 15:47:24 CST 2010
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
Machine: Atmel AT91RM9200-DK
Warning: bad configuration page, trying to continue
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
Clocks: CPU 179 MHz, master 59 MHz, main 18.432 MHz
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists. Total pages: 8128
Kernel command line: root=/dev/ram rw initrd=0x20410000,6000000 ramdisk_size=15360 console=ttyS0,115200 mem=32M
AT91: 128 gpio irqs in 4 banks
PID hash table entries: 128 (order: 7, 512 bytes)
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
Memory: 32MB = 32MB total
Memory: 23556KB available (2732K code, 187K data, 108K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
NET: Registered protocol family 16
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
TCP reno registered
checking if image is initramfs...it isn't (bad gzip magic numbers); looks like an initrd
Freeing initrd memory: 5859K
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (extended precision)
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (C) 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
yaffs May 13 2010 15:22:32 Installing.
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)
atmel_usart.0: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xfefff200 (irq = 1) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
atmel_usart.1: ttyS1 at MMIO 0xfffc4000 (irq = 7) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
atmel_usart.2: ttyS2 at MMIO 0xfffc8000 (irq = 8) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
atmel_usart.3: ttyS3 at MMIO 0xfffcc000 (irq = 9) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
atmel_usart.4: ttyS4 at MMIO 0xfffc0000 (irq = 6) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 15360K size 1024 blocksize
loop: loaded (max 8 devices)
PPP generic driver version 2.4.2
at91_ether: Your bootloader did not configure a MAC address.
eth0: Link now 100-FullDuplex
eth0: AT91 ethernet at 0xfefbc000 int=24 100-FullDuplex (00:00:00:00:00:00)
eth0: Davicom 9161 PHY (Copper)
physmap platform flash device: 00800000 at 10000000
physmap-flash.0: Found 1 x16 devices at 0x0 in 16-bit bank
Amd/Fujitsu Extended Query Table at 0x0040
number of CFI chips: 1
cfi_cmdset_0002: Disabling erase-suspend-program due to code brokenness.
Creating 3 MTD partitions on "physmap-flash.0":
0x00000000-0x00020000 : " bootloader "
0x00020000-0x001a0000 : " uImage "
0x001a0000-0x00800000 : " ramdisk "
No SmartMedia card inserted.
at91_nand: probe of at91_nand failed with error 6
at91_cf: irqs det #64, io #0
usbmon: debugfs is not available
at91_ohci at91_ohci: AT91 OHCI
at91_ohci at91_ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
at91_ohci at91_ohci: irq 23, io mem 0x00300000
usb usb1: Product: AT91 OHCI
usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.21.1 ohci_hcd
usb usb1: SerialNumber: at91
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
usbcore: registered new interface driver usblp
drivers/usb/class/usblp.c: v0.13: USB Printer Device Class driver
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
drivers/usb/input/hid-core.c: v2.6:USB HID core driver
udc: at91_udc version 3 May 2006
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
i2c /dev entries driver
at91_i2c at91_i2c: AT91 i2c bus driver.
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
NET: Registered protocol family 17
drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
RAMDISK: Couldn't find valid RAM disk image starting at 0.
yaffs: dev is 1048576 name is "ram0"
yaffs: passed flags ""
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 1.0, "ram0"
yaffs: dev is 1048576 name is "ram0"
yaffs: passed flags ""
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 1.0, "ram0"
No filesystem could mount root, tried: ext2 msdos vfat yaffs yaffs2
Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(1,0)
问题多多 ，欢迎大家指证，给出意见。
